Openings and endgames
Åbninger med d4
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Queen's Pawn Game
A broad name for openings that begin with White advancing the pawn from d2 to d4.
Queen's Gambit
An opening where White attacks Black's central pawn with the pawn that starts in front of the bishop beside the queen.
Queen's Gambit Accepted
A Queen's Gambit variation in which Black captures White's offered c4-pawn with the pawn from d5.
Queen's Gambit Accepted, Central Variation
A Queen's Gambit Accepted line where White advances the e-pawn to e4 and immediately builds a broad center.
Queen's Gambit Accepted, Classical Defense
A main Queen's Gambit Accepted line where both sides develop, White recovers c4, and Black attacks d4 with c5.
Queen's Gambit Declined
A Queen's Gambit response in which Black does not capture on c4 and supports the central d5-pawn with ...e6.
Queen's Gambit Declined, Exchange Variation
A variation where White trades the c-pawn for Black's central d-pawn, creating the asymmetric Carlsbad pawn structure.
Queen's Gambit Declined, Orthodox Defense
A classical Queen's Gambit Declined line in which Black develops with ...Be7, ...O-O, and ...Nbd7 before resolving the center.
Queen's Gambit Declined, Lasker Defense
A Queen's Gambit Declined line in which Black plays ...h6 and ...Ne4 to exchange pieces and free the position.
Queen's Gambit Declined, Tartakower Variation
A Queen's Gambit Declined line in which Black plays ...h6 and ...b6 to activate the c8-bishop through b7.
Cambridge Springs Defense
A Queen's Gambit Declined line in which Black plays ...Qa5 to create tactical pressure along the a5-e1 diagonal.
Queen's Gambit Declined, Harrwitz Attack
A Queen's Gambit Declined system defined by White's early development of the c1-bishop to f4.
Queen's Gambit Declined, Janowski Variation
A variation where Black advances the a7-pawn to a6 early, preparing a capture on c4 that the b-pawn can support.
Ragozin Defense
A Queen's Gambit Declined defense combining a solid center with a bishop pin on White's knight to increase central pressure.
Queen's Gambit Declined, Vienna Variation
A Three Knights line where Black captures on c4 and challenges White to build or recover the center.
Tarrasch Defense
An active Queen's Gambit defense where Black challenges the center early and often accepts a central pawn without support from neighboring pawns.
Semi-Tarrasch Defense
A Queen's Gambit defense where Black develops the king-side knight before challenging the center with the c-pawn, often enabling a knight recapture.
Slav Defense
A defense to the Queen's Gambit in which Black protects the d5-pawn with the pawn move ...c6.
Slav Defense, Czech Variation
A classical Slav line where Black captures on c4 and develops the c8-bishop to f5 before advancing the e7-pawn.
Slav Defense, Exchange Variation
A Slav variation where White trades the c-pawn for Black's d-pawn and Black recaptures with the c-pawn.
Slav Defense, Chebanenko Variation
A flexible Slav variation in which Black plays ...a6 to prepare ...b5 while keeping several pawn structures available.
Semi-Slav Defense
A defense to the Queen's Gambit in which Black supports d5 with pawns on both c6 and e6.
Semi-Slav Defense, Meran Variation
A Semi-Slav line in which Black captures on c4 after Bd3 and gains queenside space with ...b5 while developing.
Semi-Slav Defense, Botvinnik Variation
A very sharp Semi-Slav line in which Black captures on c4 and White builds a large center with e4.
Semi-Slav Defense, Moscow Variation
A Semi-Slav line in which White answers ...h6 by exchanging the g5-bishop for the f6-knight and Black's queen recaptures.
Anti-Moscow Gambit
A sharp Semi-Slav line in which White retreats the bishop to h4 and offers a pawn for a strong center and attacking activity.
Semi-Slav Defense, Stoltz Variation
A Semi-Slav line where White’s queen goes to c2 to support e4 and delay the decision about the f1-bishop.
Semi-Slav Defense, Chigorin Defense
A Semi-Slav line where Black’s f8-bishop goes to d6 to support a central advance and help secure the king quickly.
Semi-Slav Defense, Noteboom Variation
A line from Black’s c6, d5, and e6 pawn setup where Black captures on c4 and seeks two neighboring advancing pawns.
Semi-Slav Defense, Marshall Gambit
An aggressive line where White offers the e4-pawn to open the center against Black’s pawns on c6, d5, and e6.
Chigorin Defense
A Queen's Gambit defense where Black develops the queen-side knight early and pressures the center with pieces instead of reinforcing it with pawns.
Queen's Gambit Declined, Baltic Defense
A defense in which Black develops the c8-bishop to f5 before supporting the central d5-pawn with the e-pawn.
Albin Countergambit
An aggressive Queen's Gambit reply where Black offers a central pawn and seeks activity through a deeply advanced queen pawn.
Indian Defense
The broad name for an opening family in which Black answers the queen pawn by moving the kingside knight out first.
Nimzo-Indian Defense
A defense to d4 in which ...Bb4 pins the c3-knight and pressures White's center without filling it with black pawns.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, Classical Variation
A Nimzo-Indian variation where White's queen goes to c2 to support e4 and prepare a queen recapture on c3.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, Rubinstein System
A broad Nimzo-Indian system defined by the e3 advance, a solid move that frees the king's bishop and permits flexible development.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, Gligorić System
A Nimzo-Indian system where White develops with e3, a knight on f3, and a bishop on d3 while Black attacks the center.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, Hübner Variation
A Nimzo-Indian line where Black exchanges the bishop for the c3-knight, damages White's structure, and aims to close the center.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, St. Petersburg Variation
A Nimzo-Indian variation where Black answers e3 with b6 and prepares to develop the queen's bishop on b7.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, Sämisch Variation
A Nimzo-Indian variation where White advances the a-pawn, invites the exchange on c3, and accepts doubled pawns for two bishops.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, Kmoch Variation
An ambitious Nimzo-Indian variation where White advances the f-pawn to prepare a broad center with e4.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, Leningrad Variation
A Nimzo-Indian variation where White develops the dark-squared bishop to g5 before restricting it with e3.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, Romanishin Variation
A flexible Nimzo-Indian variation where White advances the g-pawn and prepares the king's bishop for g2.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, Spielmann Variation
A Nimzo-Indian variation where White's queen goes to b3 to attack Black's bishop on b4 immediately.
Nimzo-Indian Defense, Three Knights Variation
A Nimzo-Indian variation where White develops the king's knight to f3 before fixing the central pawn structure.
Queen's Indian Defense
A defense to d4 in which Black prepares ...Bb7 with ...b6 and controls the center with pieces rather than occupying it immediately.
Queen's Indian Defense, Fianchetto Variation
A White system that prepares the bishop on g2 to control a long diagonal, support the center, and help secure the king.
Queen's Indian Defense, Classical Variation
A line in which both sides develop a bishop on a long diagonal before deciding how to occupy or challenge the center.
Queen's Indian Defense, Petrosian Variation
A White system that advances the a2-pawn to a3, preventing Black’s bishop from reaching b4 and preparing the knight on c3.
Queen's Indian Defense, Kasparov Variation
A line where White immediately develops the b1-knight to c3 and allows Black’s bishop to move to b4.
Queen's Indian Defense, Spassky System
A flexible system that advances the e2-pawn to e3, frees the f1-bishop, and helps White secure the king quickly.
Bogo-Indian Defense
A defense to d4 in which Black develops the bishop to b4 with check after White's king knight has moved to f3.
Bogo-Indian Defense, Nimzowitsch Variation
A Bogo-Indian line in which White blocks the check with Bd2 and Black supports the bishop with ...Qe7.
Bogo-Indian Defense, Retreat Variation
A Bogo-Indian branch in which Black gives a bishop check and, after White blocks it, retreats without exchanging.
King's Indian Defense
A defense to d4 in which Black allows White to build a large pawn center and later challenges it with moves such as ...e5 or ...c5.
King's Indian Defense, Classical Variation
A major King's Indian line where White builds a broad center while Black prepares pawn advances that attack it.
King's Indian Defense, Mar del Plata Variation
A closed King's Indian line where White advances on the side where the queen began and Black advances on the side where the king began.
King's Indian Defense, Bayonet Attack
A King's Indian branch where White rapidly advances pawns on the side where the queen began.
King's Indian Defense, Petrosian Variation
A King's Indian variation where White locks the center before securing the king and tries to restrict Black's play.
King's Indian Defense, Gligorić-Taimanov System
A King's Indian system where White moves the bishop beside the queen out before deciding whether to lock the center.
King's Indian Defense, Sämisch Variation
A King's Indian variation where White plays f3 to reinforce e4 and prepare an aggressive expansion.
King's Indian Defense, Sämisch Variation, Panno Formation
A Black formation against the Sämisch that prepares expansion and pressure on the side where the queens began.
King's Indian Defense, Fianchetto Variation
A King's Indian variation where White develops the bishop to g2 for king safety and long-range pressure.
King's Indian Defense, Four Pawns Attack
A variation where White places pawns on c4, d4, e4, and f4 to gain major space and dominate the center.
King's Indian Defense, Averbakh Variation
A King's Indian variation where White actively places the queenside bishop to restrain Black's central pawn advance.
King's Indian Defense, Makogonov Variation
A King's Indian variation where White advances the h-pawn early to control a square used by Black's knight.
Old Indian Defense
A queen-pawn defense where Black builds a compact setup, prepares a central challenge with the e-pawn, and commonly develops the king-side bishop to e7.
Grünfeld Defense
A defense to d4 in which Black plays an early ...d5 and challenges White's pawn center immediately.
Grünfeld Defense, Exchange Variation
A Grünfeld line where White removes a central black pawn and builds a broad pawn center that Black immediately tries to attack.
Grünfeld Defense, Russian Variation
A Grünfeld variation where White plays Qb3 to defend c4, pressure d5, and support a broad pawn center.
Grünfeld Defense, Three Knights Variation
A Grünfeld variation in which both white knights and one black knight leave their starting squares early.
Grünfeld Defense, Brinckmann Attack
A response to the Grünfeld where White moves the bishop beside the queen out early, before pawns can close its diagonal.
Neo-Grünfeld Defense
An opening family where White develops the king's knight first and Black answers with a fianchetto and a central d5 strike.
Black Knights' Tango
A flexible defense to 1.d4 in which Black moves both knights before deciding how to advance the central pawns.
Catalan Opening
A d4 and c4 opening in which White prepares Bg2 to create long-term pressure along the long diagonal.
Catalan Opening, Open Defense
The Catalan branch in which Black captures the c4-pawn and accepts pressure in return for the extra pawn.
Catalan Opening, Closed
The Catalan branch in which Black keeps the d5-pawn and builds a compact central position instead of capturing on c4.
Benoni Defense
A family of defenses in which Black challenges White's center after d4, usually with ...c5.
Modern Benoni
A Benoni branch in which Black challenges White's center with ...c5 and ...e6, accepting less central space in return for active play.
Modern Benoni, Classical Variation
A Modern Benoni line in which White develops quickly and keeps several ways to use the central space advantage.
Modern Benoni, Fianchetto Variation
A Modern Benoni line where White develops the king's bishop to g2 to reinforce the center and shelter the king.
Modern Benoni, Taimanov Variation
A critical Modern Benoni line where White advances the f-pawn and gives an early bishop check from b5.
Czech Benoni
A defense to the queen pawn where Black places a pawn on e5 and normally builds pawn chains that close the center.
Old Benoni
An opening where Black answers d4 immediately with the c-pawn to c5 and creates an unbalanced structure.
Benko Gambit
An opening where Black offers a pawn on the queen's side of the board to open lines and create lasting pressure.
Benko Gambit Accepted
The Benko branch in which White captures on b5 and wins a pawn while Black gains lasting pressure.
Benko Gambit Declined
A family of responses in which White does not capture the b5-pawn and avoids the positions created by accepting it.
Blumenfeld Countergambit
An active Black pawn offer combining central pressure with an advanced c-pawn and a b-pawn push.
Budapest Gambit
An opening where Black offers an early central pawn to displace White's queen pawn, develop with threats, and try to regain the material.
Budapest Gambit, Fajarowicz Variation
A Budapest Gambit line where Black centralizes a knight to create quick threats instead of immediately recovering the offered pawn.
Englund Gambit
An immediate gambit against the queen pawn in which Black offers a pawn to bring pieces out quickly and create threats.
Dutch Defense
An active defense where Black answers White's queen-pawn advance by pushing a kingside pawn to contest the center.
Dutch Defense, Classical Variation
A Dutch Defense branch where Black develops the kingside bishop directly rather than on the long flank diagonal, while keeping central flexibility.
Dutch Defense, Ilyin-Zhenevsky Variation
A Classical Dutch system where Black’s queen goes to e8 to support the e6-pawn’s advance to e5 and a possible king attack.
Dutch Defense, Leningrad Variation
A Dutch Defense branch combining an early pawn advance on the king's side with the kingside bishop on a long diagonal.
Dutch Defense, Stonewall Variation
A Dutch Defense branch built around a fixed wall of four pawns that controls central squares, gains space, and restricts some of Black's pieces.
Dutch Defense, Hopton Attack
A reply to the Dutch Defense where White’s c1-bishop goes to g5 and questions Black’s natural knight development.
Dutch Defense, Staunton Gambit
An aggressive line where White advances the e2-pawn to e4 and offers it to open the center against the Dutch Defense.
London System
An opening system with d4 and an early development of the c1-bishop to f4 before e3 closes its diagonal.
Jobava London System
A White system combining the usual London bishop placement with an early, active move by the knight beside the queen.
Colle System
An opening system with d4, e3, Nf3, Bd3, and c3 that prepares the central advance e4.
Colle-Zukertort System
A White system that uses a stable piece-and-pawn setup and brings the dark-squared bishop onto a long diagonal.
Torre Attack
A White setup with d4, Nf3, and Bg5 that emphasizes easy development and pressure on the center and kingside.
Trompowsky Attack
An opening with 1.d4 and an early Bg5 that attacks the f6-knight and tries to unbalance the game immediately.
Levitsky Attack
A White opening that moves the bishop beside the queen out very early to influence how Black organizes the pieces.
Richter-Veresov Attack
A d4 opening with Nc3 and Bg5 in which White develops quickly and often prepares the central e4 pawn push.
Barry Attack
A system with d4, Nf3, Nc3, and Bf4 that brings pieces out easily and creates pressure against ...g6 and ...d5 setups.
Stonewall Attack
A White opening system that builds a rigid pawn chain to support a central knight and prepare direct play against Black's king.
Blackmar-Diemer Gambit
A queen's-pawn gambit in which White offers material to accelerate development and open attacking lines.
Blackmar-Diemer Gambit Accepted
A line in which Black captures on e4 and then f3, while White remains a pawn down to bring pieces out quickly and create threats.
Blackmar-Diemer Gambit Declined
A family of lines in which Black takes on e4 but declines to capture the pawn offered on f3.
English Defense
A defense to the queen pawn where Black brings a bishop onto a long diagonal and later attacks White's central pawns.
