White in Chess: Who Moves First

Explanation

White can mean the player, the side, or that side's sixteen pieces. It is the rules-based name for the lighter set, not a requirement that the pieces be literally white. A physical set may use cream, ivory, or another light tone as long as it contrasts clearly with .

White makes the first move, after which the players alternate one move at a time. In the , White's non-pawn pieces occupy the , the horizontal row numbered 1, and the eight white pawns occupy rank 2. Board rank numbers increase away from White's side.

Usage and context

Most diagrams show White at the bottom. Some viewers rotate the board, so checking the letters and numbers along its edges prevents orientation mistakes.

Common confusions

White pieces and light squares

The White side is not restricted to a . White pieces may occupy light or dark squares whenever their moves allow it.

View term

Sources

1.FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2023, FIDE
2.Glossary of Terms in the Laws of Chess, FIDE Rules Commission
3.Chess Equipment without Electronic Components (effective from 1 March 2026), FIDE

Explanation

Usage and context

Common confusions

Sources

Related terms