Explanation
The -/- symbol means that both players lose by forfeit in an unplayed game. Each - belongs to one administrative loss, so the game has no winning side.
This is not a draw. In a normal draw, each player receives a ½ result; in a double forfeit, both sides are recorded as losers under the rules that apply to the event. The cause may be both players' absence or another situation in which the arbiter declares the game lost by both.
It differs from , where White is awarded the win, and , where Black is awarded the win. The first sign always refers to White and the second to Black.
-/- is not one of the four standard PGN termination markers. Because core PGN also lacks a both-players-lose marker, tournament software may need metadata, private fields, or an additional format to preserve a double forfeit accurately.
Common confusions
-/- versus a draw
-/- records a loss for both players; ½-½ records a draw with half a point on each side.
-/- versus -/+
In -/+, the + awards Black the win; in -/-, neither player receives a win.
Sources
- 1.FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2023, FIDE
- 2.Portable Game Notation Specification and Implementation Guide, Steven J. Edwards
