?

An annotation stating that the commentator considers a move bad or mistaken.

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Explanation

A question mark, ?, after a move says that the annotator considers it a mistake or a clearly inferior choice. The move may lose a piece, allow an attack, waste an advantage, or overlook a much stronger option.

The mark does not declare the move illegal. It describes quality according to the author's analysis, so two annotators may apply ? with different levels of severity.

Traditionally, marks a much more serious error, while expresses milder doubt. A program may read ? in Portable Game Notation (PGN), the plain-text game format. When saving the file in standard form, it replaces ? with $2, a dollar sign followed by the number 2.

Common confusions

Mistake and illegality

A move marked ? is normally legal; its problem is that it worsens the position or misses an opportunity.

? and ??

? criticizes a bad move; ?? is usually reserved for a failure with much more serious consequences.

View term

Sources

  1. 1.Standard: Portable Game Notation Specification and Implementation Guide, rec.games.chess contributors; coordinated by Steven J. Edwards
  2. 2.System of Signs, Chess Informant
  3. 3.Chess annotation symbols, Wikimedia Foundation

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