Spansk åbning

An opening beginning 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5, where White indirectly pressures Black's e5-pawn.

A fundamental reply that attacks White’s bishop and makes it choose between capturing the knight and retreating.

A Ruy Lopez line where White trades the light-squared bishop for the c6-knight and changes Black's pawn structure.

A Ruy Lopez variation defined by 5...Nxe4, where Black takes the central pawn and accepts active play in a more open position.

A Ruy Lopez family defined by 5...Be7, where Black maintains the center and prepares to castle instead of taking e4.

A Closed Ruy Lopez gambit where Black plays ...d5 and offers a pawn to gain the initiative against White's king.

A Closed Ruy Lopez defense in which Black plays ...Na5 to displace White's bishop and prepare ...c5.

A Closed Ruy Lopez system where Black retreats the c6-knight to b8 so it can reorganize through d7.

A dynamic Closed Ruy Lopez system in which Black develops the bishop to b7 to increase pressure on e4.

A Closed Ruy Lopez system where White plays 6.Qe2 to support e4 and keep the rook available for d1.

An active Ruy Lopez defense where Black plays ...b5 and ...Bb7 to pressure the center from a long diagonal.

An active system in which Black gains space on the side where the queens begin and activates the bishop against the center and king.

A system in which Black first challenges White’s bishop and then supports the center, gaining solidity but less space.

A Ruy Lopez defense with 3...Nf6 that develops a knight, attacks e4, and can lead to queenless strategic play.

A Ruy Lopez variation in which Black plays 3...d6 to support the e5-pawn immediately.

An active defense in which Black aims the bishop at a pawn near White’s king before moving the king knight.

An aggressive reply in which Black advances a pawn beside the king to attack White’s center and create immediate threats.

A Ruy Lopez defense in which Black moves the same knight twice, centralizes it, and attacks White’s bishop.

A flexible defense in which one black knight supports the other and prepares to reorganize later.