Openings and endgames
Rook endgames
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Rook ending
Level: BasicAn ending in which rooks are the main remaining pieces, usually together with both kings and several pawns.
Rook on the seventh rank
Level: IntermediateA rook placed on the opponent's second rank, where it often attacks pawns and restricts the king.
Cutting off the king
Level: BasicRestricting the opposing king with a controlled line, usually a rook's rank or file, to keep it away from the action.
Tarrasch rule
Level: IntermediateThe principle that a rook usually belongs behind a passed pawn, whether the pawn is friendly or hostile.
Checking distance
Level: AdvancedThe separation a rook needs to give repeated checks without being attacked or blocked with gain of time.
Umbrella
Level: IntermediateA pawn that shelters the king from side or rear checks, especially in rook endings.
Rook and pawn versus rook ending
Level: BasicA five-piece ending in which a king, rook, and pawn try to defeat a king and rook.
Lucena position
Level: AdvancedA winning rook-and-pawn versus rook setup where the attacking king occupies the promotion square and builds shelter from checks.
Bridge building
Level: IntermediateA winning rook-and-pawn method in which the rook shelters its king from side checks.
Philidor position
Level: AdvancedA drawing rook-and-pawn versus rook method that blocks the attacking king with a rook barrier, then checks from behind.
Vancura position
Level: AdvancedA drawing defense against rook and rook pawn where the defending rook attacks from the side and gives lateral checks.
Back-rank defense
Level: IntermediateA drawing method in rook and pawn versus rook: the king blocks the pawn while the rook waits on the row nearest its own side.
Last-rank defense
Level: AdvancedA concrete drawing method where the defending rook maneuvers along the promotion rank against a highly advanced pawn.
Frontal defense
Level: AdvancedA drawing method in rook versus rook and pawn where the defending rook stands in front of the pawn and checks the king head-on.
Short-side defense
Level: AdvancedA rook and pawn versus rook drawing method that places the king on the short side and rook on the long side.
Rule of three
Level: AdvancedA defensive rule requiring at least three horizontal rows of checking distance in certain rook and pawn endings.
Rule of five
Level: AdvancedA practical rule estimating whether a protected pawn wins when the rook cuts off the defending king by files.
Rook and two pawns versus rook ending
Level: AdvancedAn ending in which a rook and two pawns try to defeat a lone opposing rook.
Rook versus pawn ending
Level: IntermediateAn ending where one side has a king and rook while the other tries to bring a lone pawn to the last rank with help from its king.
Saavedra position
Level: AdvancedAn endgame study where a pawn defeats a rook by promoting to a rook and avoiding a stalemate resource.
Rook versus minor piece ending
Level: IntermediateAn ending where a rook faces a bishop or knight, either with pawns or without them.
Two minor pieces versus rook ending
Level: AdvancedAn imbalanced ending where two bishops, bishop and knight, or two knights face a rook.
Rook and bishop versus rook ending
Level: AdvancedA pawnless ending that is usually drawn with correct defense, although the rook and bishop create difficult practical problems.
Lolli position
Level: ExpertA theoretical winning rook and bishop versus rook position built on coordinated mating threats near the edge.
Cochrane defense
Level: ExpertA drawing method in rook versus rook and bishop that pins the bishop in front of its king and keeps the kings apart.
Second-rank defense
Level: ExpertA passive rook versus rook and bishop defense that keeps the king and rook one line from the board edge.
Szén position
Level: ExpertA drawing formation in rook against rook and bishop, recognized by the L-shaped relationship between the kings.
Rook and knight versus rook ending
Level: AdvancedA pawnless ending that is normally drawn, but poor placement of the king or rook can allow a forced win.
