Chess problem

A chess problem does not have to come from an actual game. A composer arranges the pieces to present a precise task, called the stipulation, such as giving mate within a stated number of moves. The position, task, and solution together form a chess composition.

Solving the problem means finding the move line or lines that satisfy that task under the required behavior of the other side. In a directmate, for example, Black resists and White must overcome every legal defense. The intended solution must be sound; an unannounced second solution beginning with a different first move is called a cook and normally makes the composition technically unsound.

In specialist usage, compositions other than endgame studies, where White forces a win or draw, are usually called problems. Problems can also use unusual rules, pieces, or objectives when those conditions are stated. This is why the stipulation should be read first: it tells you what must be achieved and how the two sides are supposed to behave.