Explanation
The ∓ symbol says that Black stands clearly better. In the PGN glyph table it means a moderate Black advantage and can be stored as $17.
It is an overall assessment. Black may be better because of material, activity, king safety, pawn structure, or a combination of factors. The symbol gives no exact number and does not make the position an automatic win.
On the traditional scale, ∓ is stronger than , which indicates only a slight Black edge, and weaker than −+, which indicates a decisive advantage. The corresponding White-favoring sign is .
One text form, two meanings
The ASCII form -/+ is sometimes used instead of ∓. In FIDE results for unplayed games, -/+ means something different: Black wins by White's forfeit. In an annotated variation it is usually an evaluation; in a result table it may record an administrative outcome.
Common confusions
∓ versus −+
∓ means a moderate Black advantage; −+ means a decisive Black advantage.
Evaluation -/+ versus forfeit -/+
In analysis it can represent ∓; in FIDE results for unplayed games it means a Black forfeit win.
Sources
- 1.System of Signs, Chess Informant
- 2.Portable Game Notation Specification and Implementation Guide, Steven J. Edwards
- 3.FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2023, FIDE
