Technology, online play, and variants
Themes and patterns
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Model mate
A compositional checkmate combining purity around the mated king with economical participation by the mating side's pieces.
Grimshaw
A composition theme where two same-colored pieces mutually block one another by occupying the same intersection square in separate variations.
Novotny
A composition theme where a White piece occupies the intersection of two Black defensive lines and forces interference between them.
Plachutta
A theme in which a sacrifice at two crossing defensive lines makes either capturing piece obstruct the other.
Bristol clearance
A theme in which one piece moves ahead along a row, column, or diagonal so a same-color piece can follow on that line.
Half-pin
Level: AdvancedA mechanism in which two Black pieces screen their king on one line and either one's departure prevents the other from moving away.
Excelsior
A theme in which a pawn starts on its original row, crosses the board, and promotes, meaning it becomes another piece.
Babson task
A composition theme in which every Black promotion is answered by a White promotion to the same piece.
Dual avoidance
Level: AdvancedA theme in which several continuations appear possible, but after each defense exactly one works and the others are excluded.
Lačny theme
A theme in which the same Black defenses receive White mating replies that rotate cyclically between two or more parts of the solution.
Zagoruiko theme
A theme in which the same two or more Black defenses receive different White mates across at least three phases of a problem.
