שיפוט וחוקי טורניר

The person leading a tournament's arbitral operation and making the highest-responsibility decisions within that team.

The entry-level international arbiter title awarded by FIDE to officials who meet defined training and tournament-experience requirements.

FIDE's advanced international arbiter title, awarded to FIDE Arbiters who satisfy additional training and experience requirements.

An ICCF title for correspondence tournament directors with extensive experience and proven administrative work.

A certificate evaluating arbitral performance in a valid activity that may count toward a FIDE arbiter title application.

A tournament body that reviews a formal appeal submitted after the Chief Arbiter has made a decision.

A game that ends in a draw after relatively few moves; it is a descriptive term with no universal move-count threshold.

An optional rule preventing players from offering or agreeing a draw before an event-defined move threshold.

A formal suspension of an unfinished game so that play can resume later from the same position.

A player's next move written in secret when a game is adjourned and will be resumed later.

A procedure that assigns a result to an unfinished game through evaluation by an independent third party.