Competition, history, and culture
Historiska turneringar och matcher
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London 1851
The Howard Staunton event widely regarded as the first major international chess tournament.
Steinitz-Zukertort 1886
The match generally recognized as the first formal world chess championship, won by Wilhelm Steinitz.
Hastings 1895
A historic 22-player tournament won by Harry Nelson Pillsbury in his major international debut.
Saint Petersburg 1914
A two-stage elite tournament that Emanuel Lasker won by half a point over José Raúl Capablanca.
New York 1924
An elite double round-robin tournament won by Emanuel Lasker ahead of Capablanca and Alekhine.
Moscow 1925
The first major international tournament held in the Soviet Union, won by Efim Bogoljubow.
Capablanca-Alekhine 1927
The Buenos Aires world-title match in which Alexander Alekhine dethroned José Raúl Capablanca.
Nottingham 1936
The elite event in which Capablanca and Botvinnik shared first place with 10 points from 14 games.
AVRO 1938
A Dutch elite tournament in which Paul Keres and Reuben Fine shared first place.
Zürich 1953
The 1953 Candidates Tournament in Switzerland, won by Vasily Smyslov and made a study classic by David Bronstein's book.
USSR vs. Rest of the World 1970
The ten-board team match in which the Soviet selection won 20.5-19.5 in Belgrade.
Reykjavík 1972
The 1972 World Championship series in Reykjavik, where Bobby Fischer defeated reigning champion Boris Spassky by 12.5 to 8.5.
Karpov-Kasparov 1984
The first Karpov-Kasparov world-title match, terminated without a result after 48 games.
Kasparov-Deep Blue 1997
The six-game match in which Deep Blue defeated reigning world champion Garry Kasparov by 3.5 points to 2.5.
