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The public body of studied moves, ideas, and evaluations for the early positions of a chess game.

Study completed before a game to understand openings, plans, replies, and possible surprises.

An opening approach built around a reusable setup and plans against several opposing responses and move orders.

A known opening or setup played with the colors exchanged, usually giving White one extra move compared with the original version.

An opening move known to theory and recorded in books, databases, or other established references.

A familiar position reached after a heavily studied opening sequence, from which several important choices become available again.

A new move or idea introduced in an opening position that was already known and studied.

The point at which a game leaves the opening moves a player or source knows and can follow from memory.