Notation and standards
Activity and time
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Initiative annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedVertical arrows identify the side directing play by creating threats that demand replies.
Attack annotation symbol
Level: IntermediateAn annotation arrow indicates which side has an active attack in the position.
Counterplay annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedOpposing arrows indicate that one side is creating active threats while answering the opponent's pressure.
Development-advantage annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedCurved arrows show that one side has activated its pieces more quickly and effectively.
Zugzwang annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedA glyph marking a position where the obligation to move harms the side whose turn it is.
Time-pressure annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedSigns recording that limited clock time is materially affecting a player's decisions.