Notation and standards
Pawns and bishops
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Connected-pawns annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedThe sign identifies pawns belonging to the same side on neighboring files that can operate as a unit.
Separated-pawns annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedA glyph marking friendly pawns that do not form a connected, mutually supporting unit.
Doubled-pawns annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedThe sign marks two or more pawns belonging to the same side on the same file.
Passed-pawn annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedA glyph marking a pawn with no opposing pawns ahead on its file or either neighboring file.
Pawn-count-advantage annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedA symbol indicating that one side has more pawns than the other in the annotated position.
Bishop-pair annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedThe sign indicates that one side has two bishops able to operate on both square colors.
Same-colored-bishops annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedA glyph indicating that the relevant bishops move on squares of the same color.
Opposite-colored-bishops annotation symbol
Level: AdvancedThe sign indicates that the relevant bishops of the two sides travel on opposite square colors.